1.2 The methods are intended for the resolution of disputes regarding the quality of recyclable materials that may arise during trading. These methods do not provide an Acceptance Quality Level (AQL) or acceptance criteria for recovered paper, and do not intend to guide the disposition of material that is found to be off-specification during sampling and inspection. Disposition is a contractual matter.

1.3 These methods do not address the safety problems, if any, associated with their use. The user is responsible for following appropriate safety and health practices.

1.4 The sampling methods herein provide guidance in obtaining representative field samples. These methods are derived from common industry practices that seek to balance the value of the commodity with the cost of sampling and testing. Due to this sensitivity to economics, the field sample sizes are tailored to suit industry practices. The Clean Washington Center takes no position respecting the statistical validity of the sampling methods presented herein. Users of this method are expressly advised that determination of the statistical validity of sampling is entirely their own responsibility. Other methods for acquiring a field sample, particularly the techniques of statistical process control (SPC) and trend analysis, may allow the estimation of reliable attribute values using fewer samples over a longer period of time.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Attributes - a property of the paper which is used as a benchmark by the buyer and seller to classify the paper as acceptable or not acceptable. See Attachment 1 for a list of attributes for each paper grade. Two examples are either containing or exceeding the allowable amount of outthrows and either containing or exceeding the allowable moisture content.

2.2 Bale - mass of compressed material that is bound with wrap or wire for ease in handling and transportation. Recovered paper is typically traded in bales.

2.3 Paper Grade - categories of classifications of reclaimed paper and fiber of different quality and characteristics. The methods presented herein were field tested for the following grades listed, however, many of the sampling and test protocols are applicable to all types and grades of paper and fiber.

2.3.1 Computer Printout (CPO) - white sulfite or sulfate papers, untreated and uncoated, in forms manufactured for printed output from data processing machines and laser printers. The paper may be white or white with the light green or blue stripes typically used in impact printers.

2.3.2 Sorted White Ledger (SWL) - printed or unprinted sheets, shavings, bond, writing paper, and all other papers which have similar fiber content. This grade must be free of treated, coated, padded, or heavily printed stock.

2.3.3 Corrugated Containers - baled corrugated containers having liners of either test liner, jute or kraft.

2.3.4 Newsprint (ONP) - baled newspapers containing less than 5% of other grades of paper.

2.3.5 Special News De-ink Quality (SONP) - baled, sorted, fresh newspapers that are sun-burned. This grade does not include magazines, white blank, pressroom over-issues, and paper grades other than newsprint, except for the normal percentage of inserts and colored sections in newspapers.

2.3.6 Mixed Paper/Residential Curbside (RCM) - a mixture of various qualities of paper, typical of residential waste generation, and not limited as to type of packing or fiber content.

2.3.7 Sorted Office Paper (SOW) - dry papers, typically generated by offices, containing primarily white and colored ledger, and generally free of groundwood and unbleached fiber. This grade may include a small percentage of groundwood computer printout and fax paper.

3.0 Apparatus

Not applicable.

4.0 Procedure

4.1 The methods for sampling and testing recovered paper included in this document are listed in
Table 700-1.

Table 700-1 - Test Methods for Recovered Paper

Method Number	Title
701	Obtain Field Sample of Recovered Paper
702	Reduce Field Sample of Recovered Paper to Test Weight and Characterize Sample Composition
711	Determination of Moisture Content for Recovered Paper
712	Identification of Printing Process (Ink Type) for Newsprint
713	Repulp Test Sample of Recovered Paper
714	Determination of Pulp Consistency
715	Determination of Ash Content for Recovered Paper
716	Determination of Stickies and Debris for Recovered Paper
717	Classification of Fiber Length for Recovered Paper
718	Formation of Handsheets and Determination of Dye Content
719	Spot Staining of Handsheets for Groundwood Identification

4.2 Collection of field sample(s) are discussed in Method 701 - Obtain Field Sample of Recovered Paper. All applicable tests will be performed on the same field sample.

4.3 Categorization of recovered paper and reduction of the field sample to a test sample weight is discussed in Method 702 - Reducing Field Sample of Paper to Test Size.

4.4 The sequence of methods and testing protocols is shown in Figure 700-1. It is not necessary to perform all tests, only for disputed attributes.

5.0 Calculations

Not applicable.

6.0 Report

Not applicable.

7.0 Reference Documents

7.1 Method 701 Obtain Field Sample of Recovered Paper

7.2 Method 702 Reduce Field Sample of Recovered Paper to Test Weight and Characterize

Composition of Sample.

* Methods 711 and 712, if conducted, must be performed prior to repulping the sample.

Figure 700-1 Testing Sequence

Methods for Evaluating Paper Grades Method

for Evaluating Recovered Paper Grades

717

Fiber Length

Classification

718 **

Handsheet Formation and Dye Content

719 **

Groundwood

Identification

713

Pulp

Consistency

702

Reduce to

Test Weight and Characterize

Compostion

713

Repulp

Test Sample

** Methods 718

and 719 are not applicable to corrugated containers or newsprint.

Method 701 Obtain Field Sample of Recovered Paper

1.0 Scope

1.1 This method describes how to obtain field sample(s) of recovered paper stock. This sampling method applies to any paper grade. To reduce a field sample to test weight, refer to Method 702 - Reduce Field Sample of Recovered Paper to Test Weight and Characterize Sample Composition.

1.2 The sampling methods herein provide guidance in obtaining representative field samples. These methods are derived from common industry practices that seek to balance the value of the commodity with the cost of sampling and testing. Due to this sensitivity to economics, the field sample sizes are tailored to suit industry practices. The Clean Washington Center takes no position respecting the statistical validity of the sampling methods presented herein. Users of this method are expressly advised that determination of the statistical validity of sampling is entirely their own responsibility. Other methods for acquiring a field sample, particularly the techniques of statistical process control (SPC) and trend analysis, may allow the estimation of reliable attribute values using fewer samples over a longer period of time.

1.3 This procedure does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The user is responsible for following appropriate safety and health practices.

1.4 This method is intended to be used for the resolution of disputes regarding the quality of recyclable materials that may arise during trading.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Lot - collection of baled or unbaled material that is presented as one parcel. All the material in this parcel is either processed at the same time, with the same baler, or arrives from one supplier on one delivery.

3.0 Apparatus

3.1 Bale wire cutter.

3.2 Sealable plastic bags or containers.

3.3 Labels and marking pen.

3.4 Logsheet for Method 701.

4.0 Procedure

4.1 Count and record the number of bales in the lot as N. Determine and record the number of bales to be sampled (n) from Table 701-1, based on the total number of bales in the lot.

Table 701-1 - Determination of Sample Size

Total Number of Bales in Lot (N)	Number of Bales to be Sampled (n)
2 - 25	2
26 - 150	3
151 - 1,200	5
1,201 - 35,000	8
35,001 and over	13

4.2 Number all the bales in the lot in a sequential numbering scheme. Place numbered tags corresponding to the bale numbers in a bag or box. Draw tags randomly from the box or bag one at a time until the n tags are drawn. Pull the designated bales (according to numbered tags drawn) from the lot.

4.3 Prepare a dry, clean surface where each sample bale can be broken apart. Clean area if needed.

4.4 Determine the proportion of each sample bale to collect.

4.4.1 If the paper grade is sorted white ledger, computer printout, or corrugated containers, remove approximately 3% by weight (estimated visually) from the center sampling zone of the bale as shown in Figure 701-1.

4.4.2 If the paper grade is newsprint, mixed, office paper, or any grade other than sorted white ledger, computer printout, or corrugated containers, remove approximately 5% by weight (estimated visually) from the center sampling zone of the bale as shown in Figure 701-1.

4.5 Remove the sample increments from the bale. During removal, visually confirm whether the extracted material appears representative of the contents of the entire bale. Record findings on the logsheet.

4.6 Place the collected sample increments inside plastic bag(s) or container(s) and seal to prevent moisture from entering or leaving the bag or container.

4.7 Label all samples with the date, source, and unique sample identification number. Also indicate the paper grade and the approximate volume (in percent) of the bale material that was sampled. Record this information on the logsheet.

5.0 Calculations

Not applicable.

6.0 Report

Not applicable.

7.0 Reference Documents

7.1 TAPPI T 400 om-90 Sampling and Accepting a Single Lot of Paper, Paperboard,

Containerboard, or Related Product.

Note: This method has been adapted, in part, from TAPPI T 400 om-90, copyright TAPPI. As such, the method has neither been approved nor endorsed by TAPPI.

Method 702 Reduce Field Sample of Recovered Paper to Test

Weight and Characterize Composition of Field Sample

1.0 Scope

1.1 This method describes the procedure to reduce field samples of paper to appropriate test weight for the following grades:

Computer Printout (CPO)

Sorted White Ledger (SWL)

Corrugated Containers

Newsprint (ONP)

Special News De-ink Quality (SONP)

Mixed Paper/Residential Curbside (RCM)

Sorted Office Paper (SOW)

The application of this method may be expanded by the user to cover all types and grades of paper, based on weight percent specifications for various components as established between buyer and seller, and/or as defined in the Scrap Specifications Circular 1996 - Guidelines for Paper Stock, by the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Inc. (ISRI).

1.3 This method is intended to be used for the resolution of disputes regarding the quality of recyclable materials that may arise during trading. The method does not provide an Acceptance Quality Level (AQL) or acceptance criteria, and does not intend to guide the disposition of material that is found to be off-specification by sampling and inspection. Disposition is a contractual matter.

1.4 This method does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The user is responsible for following appropriate safety and health practices.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Adhesive - a substance used to bind the pigment to the surface of the paper web and to itself. Most adhesives for paper applications are starch-based, protein-based, or latex-based.

2.2 Coated Paper/Paperboard - paper or paperboard in which one or two surfaces have been treated with a pigment/binder dispersion to improve printability and/or appearance.

2.3 Colored Ledger - pigmented sheets (printed or unprinted), shavings, bond, writing paper, and all other papers which have similar fiber content. This grade must be free of treated, coated, padded, or heavily printed stock.

2.4 Fax Paper (Thermal) - paper consisting of mechanical and/or chemical pulp that has been chemically treated to produce a heat sensitive sheet or roll for printing operations.

2.5 Groundwood Paper - paper made from a furnish containing a large percentage of groundwood pulp.

2.6 Groundwood Pulp - pulp slurry produced by mechanical action, as opposed to heavy chemical cooking. Groundwood pulp contains lignin and is used extensively in newsprint, publication papers, magazines, and telephone directories.

2.7 Lignin - brown, organic substance that acts as an interfiber bond in woody materials. Lignin is highly undesirable in fine paper manufacture.

2.8 Old Magazines (OMG) - paper consisting of mechanical and/or chemical pulp with an aqueous, pigmented, clay-based coating.

2.9 Outthrow - all papers that are unsuitable for consumption within a particular paper grade classification. Usually a certain weight percent is allowed within each paper grade. Outthrows vary within each paper grade as defined in the ISRI Scrap Specifications Circular 1996 - Guidelines for Paper Stock.

2.10 Paper Grade - categories of classifications of reclaimed paper and fiber of different quality and characteristics. The methods presented herein were field tested for the following grades listed, however, many of the sampling and test protocols are applicable to all types and grades of paper and fiber.

2.10.1 Computer Printout (CPO) - white sulfite or sulfate papers, untreated and uncoated, in forms manufactured for printed output from data processing machines and laser printers. The paper may be white or white with the light green or blue stripes typically used in impact printers.

2.10.2 Sorted White Ledger (SWL) - printed or unprinted sheets, shavings, bond, writing paper, and all other papers which have similar fiber content. This grade must be free of treated, coated, padded, or heavily printed stock.

2.10.3 Corrugated Containers - baled corrugated containers having liners of either test liner, jute or kraft.

2.10.4 Newsprint (ONP) - baled newspapers containing less than 5% of other grades of paper.

2.10.5 Special News De-ink Quality (SONP) - baled, sorted, fresh newspapers that are sun-burned. This grade does not include magazines, white blank, pressroom over-issues, and paper grades other than newsprint, except for the normal percentage of inserts and colored sections in newspapers.

2.10.6 Mixed Paper/Residential Curbside (RCM) - a mixture of various qualities of paper, typical of residential waste generation, and not limited as to type of packing or fiber content.

2.10.7 Sorted Office Paper (SOW) - dry papers, typically generated by offices, containing primarily white and colored ledger, and generally free of groundwood and unbleached fiber. This grade may include a small percentage of groundwood computer printout and fax paper.

2.11 Prohibitive - materials unusable for consumption within a paper grade classification. This includes materials that could damage equipment used in the recycling process or cannot be adequately removed in the recycling process. Prohibitives are measured in weight percent. Prohibitives include but are not limited to insoluble glues, hot melts, and pressure-sensitive adhesives, poly coatings, metals, and other contaminants. Prohibitives vary depending on the grade of paper and are defined in the ISRI Scrap Specifications Circular 1996 - Guidelines for Paper Stock.

3.0 Apparatus

3.1 Calibrated scale with minimum capacity of 200 kg (~400 pounds),and readability to 0.1 kg (0.05 pounds).

3.2 Calibrated scale or balance with minimum capacity of 1000 gram (g) ,and readability to 0.01 g

3.3 Laboratory repulping equipment.

3.4 Logsheet for Method 702.

3.5 Sealable plastic bags or containers

4.0 Procedures

4.1 Obtain a field sample per Method 701 - Obtain Field Sample of Recovered Paper.

4.2 Verify the paper grade from the field sample label and record date, unique sample identification number, and source information on logsheet.

4.3 Place the field sample on a dry, clean surface.

4.4 Characterize field sample by sorting the sample into the components shown in Tables 702-1 to 701-4.

Table 702-1: Sort Components for Computer Printout (CPO) and Sorted White Ledger (SWL)

Sort ID Number (i)	Sort Component	Comments
1	Computer printout
2	Sorted white ledger
3	Colored ledger
4	Envelopes	Including envelope windows.
5	Coated paper/paperboard
6	Corrugated cardboard
7	Groundwood	Including but not limited to ONP, OMG, and telephone directories.
8	Thermal fax paper
9	Polycoat paper
10	Non-fibrous material	Including plastic, metal, glues, etc.
11	Other paper grades
12	Miscellaneous organics	Including organics, wood, etc.

Table 702-2: Sort Components for Corrugated Cardboard

Sort ID Number (i)	Sort Component	Comments
1	Corrugated cardboard
2	Computer printout
3	Sorted white ledger
4	Colored ledger
5	Groundwood	Including but not limited to ONP, OMG, and telephone directories.
6	Envelopes	Including envelope windows.
7	Thermal fax paper
8	Polycoat paper
9	Non-fibrous material	Including plastic, metal, glues, etc.
10	Other paper grades
11	Miscellaneous organics	Including organics, wood, etc.

Table 702-3: Sort Components for Newsprint (ONP)

Sort ID Number (i)	Sort Component	Comments
1	Newsprint (ONP)
2	Colored sections of ONP
3	Computer printout
4	Sorted white ledger
5	Colored ledger
6	Old magazines
7	Coated paper/paperboard
8	Envelopes	Including envelope windows.
9	Thermal fax paper
10	Polycoat paper
11	Non-fibrous material	Including plastic, metal, glues, etc.
12	Other paper grades
13	Miscellaneous organics	Including organics, wood, etc.

Table 702-4: Sort Components for Mixed Paper/Residential Curbside (RCM) and Sorted Office Paper (SOW)

Sort ID Number (i)	Sort Component	Comments
1	Computer printout
2	Sorted white ledger
3	Colored ledger
4	Envelopes	Including envelope windows.
5	Coated paper/paperboard
6	Groundwood	Including but not limited to ONP, OMG, and telephone directories.
7	Thermal fax paper
8	Corrugated cardboard
9	Polycoat paper
10	Non-fibrous material	Including plastic, metal, glues, etc.
11	Other paper grades
12	Miscellaneous organics	Including organics, wood, etc.

4.5 When sorting is complete, weigh all the material in each sort to 0.1 kg. Record the weight of each sorted component as C_i where i is the sort identification number from Tables 702-1 through 702-4.

4.6 Sum all the sorted component weights and record the total weight of the field sample as A. Subtract the weight of the non-fibrous material (plastics, glues, metals etc.) and miscellaneous organics from total weight of the field sample (A). Record this weight as B.

4.7 Calculate the weight percent (%C_i) of each component in the field sample and record on logsheet..

%C_i = ( C_i/ B) x 100

Where: C_i = Weight of component i.

B = Total weight of field sample (less organics and non-fibrous matter).

i = Sort component identification number.

Note: If desired, the material sorted into the categories of “Non-fibrous material” or “Miscellaneous organics” may be sorted into more specific components and weight percentages calculated per this same formula.

4.8 Reduce the field sample to test weight of 600 g per the following steps.

4.8.1 Determine the weight (in grams) of each paper component (Q_i) needed in the test sample.

Q_i = ( %C_i) x ( S )

Where: C_i = Percent weight of component i.

S = 600 grams (total weight of test sample).

i = Sort identification number

4.8.2 Weigh out the calculated quantity (Q_i) of each component, EXCLUDING non-fibrous matter and miscellaneous organics, to ± 0.1 g. Record the actual weight for each component as W_i.

4.8.3 Cut, tear or shred each paper component of the test sample so all components can be easily mixed together. DO NOT include the non-fibrous components or the miscellaneous organics in the test sample.

4.8.4 Place the 600 g of material in a plastic bag or container and label with the date, field sample number, and a test sample number.

4.9 If the moisture test will be conducted, (Method 711 - Determination of Moisture Content of Recovered Paper), extract 60 g of the test sample from step 4.8. Conduct the moisture measurement immediately on this 60 g sample, to avoid changes in moisture content through evaporation or exposure to humidity.

4.10 Seal the remaining field sample portion in a plastic bag or container and label with the date and field sample number. Retain for future testing.

5.0 Calculations

All calculations are included within procedures above.

6.0 Report

6.1 Report the weight percent of each sorted component in the field sample.

6.2 Report prohibitives or outthrows if any exceed the specifications per ISRI Scrap Specifications Circular 1996 - Guidelines for Paper Stock, or other specifications as negotiated between trading parties.

7.0 Reference Documents

7.1 Method 701 Obtain Field Sample of Recovered Paper

7.2 Method 711 Determination of Moisture Content for Recovered Paper

7.3 PS-96 ISRI Scrap Specifications Circular 1996 ‑ Guidelines for Paper Stock

Method 711 Determination of Moisture Content of Recovered Paper

1.0 Scope

1.1 This method describes the measurement of moisture content present in paper and paperboard. It is applicable to all types and grades of wood pulp paper and paper products.

1.2 This procedure does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The user is responsible for following appropriate safety and health practices.

1.3 This procedure is intended for resolution of disputes regarding the quality of recyclable materials that may arise during trading.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Constant Weight - the weight at which less than 0.1 g additional weight loss would occur with additional heating or drying.

2.2 Moisture Content - percent of water by its weight in paper, pulp, etc., expressed as the percentage loss of moisture of the initial weight of the specimen.

3.0 Apparatus

3.1 Drying oven, maintained at 105° C, ± 3°C.

3.2 Aluminum drying pan or tray

3.3 Calibrated balance with minimum capacity of 100 g and readability to 0.001 g.

3.4 Logsheet for Method 711.

4.0 Procedure

4.1 Obtain about 60 g of material from the reduced test sample generated in Method 702 - Reduce Field Sample of Recovered Paper to Test Weight and Characterize Composition of Sample..

4.2 Weigh the drying pan or tray to 0.001 g (or zero the scale with the drying pan) and record weight.

4.3 Place the sample in the drying pan. The preferred weight per unit area, when spreading the material on the pan, is 224 grams per square meter or less, to minimize drying time.

4.4 Weigh the pan and sample to 0.001 g. Record the net weight of the sample (less the pan weight) as W_AD.

4.5 Place the pan and sample in the oven at 105° ± 3° C until constant weight is reached. Residence time in the oven will range from 1 hour to 6 hours depending on initial sample moistness and depth of the sample in the tray.

4.6 Remove the test sample and immediately weigh to the nearest 0.001 g. Record net weight as W_OD.

4.7 Return the oven-dry portion of the sample to the test sample generated in Method 702 - Reduce Field Sample of Recovered Paper to Test Weight and Characterize Sample Composition.

5.0 Calculations

5.1 Moisture Content (% MC)

% MC = [ (W_AD - W_OD) / W_OD. ] x 100

Where: W_AD = Air dry weight of specimen

W_OD = Oven dry weight of specimen

6.0 Report

6.1 Report moisture content.

7.0 Reference Documents

7.1 Method 702 Reduce Field Sample of Recovered Paper to Test Weight and Characterize

Sample Composition.

7.2 TAPPI T412 om-90 Moisture in Paper and Paperboard.

Note: This method has been adapted, in part, from TAPPI T 412 om-90, copyright TAPPI. As such, the method has neither been approved nor endorsed by TAPPI.

Method 712 Identification of Printing (Ink Type) for Newsprint

1.0 Scope

1.1 This method describes how to determine the printing process and ink type used in various newsprint paper stocks. This procedure obtains sample material directly from the field sample. It is applicable to all printed newsprint grades.

1.2 This procedure does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The user is responsible for following appropriate safety and health practices.

1.3 This procedure is intended for resolution of disputes regarding the quality of recyclable materials that may arise during trading.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Flexography - a rotary, letterpress printing process in which only two rolls are required, one running partially submerged in the fountain, the other transferring the ink to the plate. The rolls and plates are generally made of rubber. Flexographic ink is typically water-based (as opposed to solvent-based) and consists of a dye or pigment (or both), and a binder. Water-based inks discolor the white water loops used in the de-inking process and can consequently color the pulp.

2.2 Offset Lithography - a printing process in which the print design is drawn or photographically reproduced upon a thin, flexible metal plate curved to fit a revolving cylinder. The design from this plate is transferred to or offset onto a rubber blanket carried upon another cylinder, which in turn transfers the design to the paper. The ink used consists of a dye or a pigment (or both) in a solvent vehicle.

3.0 Apparatus

3.1 Magnifying glass, or hand lens of 10X to 20X power.

3.2 Microscope (optional).

3.3 Logsheet for Method 712.

4.0 Procedure

4.1 Access the retained field sample of newsprint generated in Method 702 - Reduce Field Sample of Recovered Paper to Test Weight and Characterize Sample Composition, prior to repulping of the test sample.

4.2 Visually inspect the sample, paying close attention to dark areas where heavy ink is visible, such as in headlines and pictures. Remove 8 to 10 pieces from the sample that appear different from each other, i.e., different shades of black, differences in the crispness of letter edges and differences in the ink coverage within those large dark areas.

4.3 With the magnifying glass, inspect the 8 or 10 sheets, looking at individual headline letters on each sheet. From Table 712-1, determine whether the printing process used was offset lithography or flexography.

Table 712-1: Characteristics of Different Printing Processes for Newsprint

Printing Process

Identifying Characteristics of Images and Print

Offset Lithography

Crisp, soft appearance.

Large black areas are very dark and appear to have even ink coverage.

Free from splotches.

Flexography.

Rough edges.

Large black areas are splotchy.

5.0 Calculations

Not applicable.

6.0 Report

6.1 Report the presence of flexographic ink as yes or no for each sample inspected.

7.0 Reference Documents

7.1 Method 702 Reduce Field Sample of Recovered Paper to Test Weight and Characterize Sample

Composition.

Method 713 Repulp Test Sample of Recovered Paper

1.0 Scope

1.1 This procedure describes the method at which a test sample of paper stock is repulped. It is applicable to all types and grades of wood pulp paper and paper products.

1.2 This procedure does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The user is responsible for following appropriate safety and health practices.

1.3 This procedure is intended for resolution of disputes regarding the quality of recyclable materials that may arise during trading.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Consistency - concentration (in weight percent) of oven-dry fiber present in a pulp slurry or mixture.

2.2 Repulping - dispersion of air- or oven-dried pulp (from paper stock) in water to form a pulp slurry.

2.3 Pulp - fibrous material produced either chemically or mechanically (or by some combination of chemical and mechanical means) from wood or other cellulosic raw material. Pulp is the principal raw material for papermaking.

2.4 Slurry - liquid mixture of suspended fibers, fillers, coating pigments, and other solid material in water or adhesive.

3.0 Apparatus

3.1 Morden slusher (or equivalent) or large low-shear repulper.

3.2 Calibrated scale with minimum capacity of balance - accurate to 0.01 g.

3.3 Two buckets or pails of minimum 19 liter (~5 gallon) capacity with air-tight lids or covers.

3.4 Tap water.

3.5 Logsheet for Method 712.

4.0 Procedure

4.1 Obtain the 600 g sample generated in Method 702 - Reduce Field Sample of Recovered Paper to Test Weight and Characterize Sample Composition.

4.2 Weigh the test sample to verify the weight is approximately 600 g ( + 10 g). Record weight.

4.3 Tear into small pieces or strips approximately 25 to 50 mm (1-2 inches) wide.

4.4 Soak entire sample in tap water in a sealed bucket or pail for a minimum of four (4) hours.

4.5 Place the slurried sample into the slusher and add tap water until the total volume reaches 40 L. Run the slusher for 12 minutes. Run longer if disintegration level is not adequate.

If the available slusher has a lower capacity than 40 L, use the maximum volume the repulper accommodates. Ensure the slusher can operate at this lower consistency. The run time may be longer than 12 minutes if less than 40 L of slurry is used, and disintegration level is not adequate.

Record the final volume of the slurry mixture in the slusher and the run time for the slusher.

4.6 When repulping is complete, drain the slusher into bucket(s), mixing thoroughly as the slusher drains.

4.7 If the pulp will not be used immediately, seal the bucket(s) with lids. Label and store in a cold room to control evaporation.

5.0 Calculations

Not applicable.

6.0 Report

Not applicable.

7.0 Reference Documents

7.1 Method 702 Reduce Field Sample of Recovered Paper to Test Weight and Characterize Sample

Composition.

Method 714 Determination of Pulp Consistency

1.0 Scope

1.1 This procedure describes the measurement of pulp consistency in a pulp slurry. It is applicable to any pulp slurry with a consistency less than 2.0 percent oven-dry pulp content.

1.2 This procedure does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The user is responsible for following appropriate safety and health practices.

1.3 This procedure is intended for the resolution of disputes regarding the quality of recyclable materials that may arise during trading..

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Consistency - concentration (in weight percent) of oven-dry fiber present in a pulp slurry or mixture.

2.2 Constant Weight - the weight at which less than 0.1 g additional weight loss would occur with additional heating or drying.

3.0 Apparatus

3.1 Sampling cup, 500 ml

3.2 Beaker, 600 ml.

3.3 Mixing device, preferably a portable electric stirrer.

3.4 Calibrated scale with minimum capacity of 600 g and readability to 0.01 g.

3.5 Buchner funnel, 15 cm diameter.

3.6 Filter paper for Buchner filter, pre-dried, fast draining, 15 cm diameter.

3.7 Dryer (flat speed dryer or flash dryer), 150°C, ±50°C.

3.8 Distilled water.

3.9 Logsheet for Method 714.

4.0 Procedure

4.1 Obtain the bucket(s) of the repulped slurry following Method 713 - Repulp Test Sample of Recovered Paper.

4.2 While mixing the sample thoroughly, extract approximately 500 g of pulp slurry in a tared 600 ml beaker. Weigh to the nearest 0.01 g. Subtract the tare weight of the beaker to determine the net weight of the slurry sample. Record the net weight of the sample as G.

4.3 Weigh the filter paper to 0.01 g. Record the weight of the filter paper as F. Label the filter paper with a sample ID number in permanent ink.

4.4 Place the dried, labeled, and tared filter paper in the Buchner funnel and moisten with distilled water. Apply suction to the flask and filter making sure that the filter is properly sealed to the funnel. Turn off the suction.

4.5 Carefully pour in the contents of the beaker. When about halfway through pouring, apply suction to the funnel. Rinse all of the fiber from the beaker into the funnel with a squirt bottle of distilled water.

Note: If the filtrate is cloudy with fiber, refilter through the same filter until clear.

4.6 Wash down the sides of the funnel to ensure no material remains on the wall of the funnel.

4.7 Remove the filter pad and place in the dryer until constant weight is obtained.

4.8 Remove the dried filter pad with pulp and immediately weigh to the nearest 0.01 g. Record the net weight of the pulp (subtracting the weight of the filter pad) as W.

4.9 Retain the filter pad with pulp for Method 715 - Determination of Ash Content for Recovered Paper.

4.10 Repeat this method one time for each paper grade tested.

5.0 Calculations

5.1 Calculate the oven-dried consistency (%ODC) as follows:

%ODC = [ (W - F) / G ] x 100

Where: W = Weight of dried pulp and filter paper

F = Weight of the filter paper

G = Net weight of the sample

Note: Consistency (% ODC) should be approximately 1.0% if 40 L of water was used for repulping.

6.0 Report

6.1 Consistency (% ODC).

7.0 Reference Documents

7.1 Method 713 Repulp Test Sample of Recovered Paper.

7.2 TAPPI T 240 om-93 Consistency (Concentration) of Pulp Suspensions.

Note: This method has been adapted, in part, from TAPPI T 240 om-93, copyright TAPPI. As such, the method has neither been approved nor endorsed by TAPPI.

Method 715 Determination of Ash Content for Recovered Paper

1.0 Scope

1.1 This testing procedure describes the measurement of ash content of paper and paperboard by combustion at 525° C. It is applicable to all types and grades of wood pulp paper and paper products.

1.2 This procedure does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The user is responsible for following appropriate safety and health practices.

1.3 This procedure is intended for resolution of disputes regarding the quality of recyclable materials that may arise during trading.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Ash Content - weight of residue remaining after ignition at a specific temperature and time, usually expressed as a weight percentage of the initial, moisture-free weight. The ash content of paper is indicative of its filler content and/or coating application.

2.2 Constant Weight - the weight at which less than 0.1 g additional weight loss would occur with additional heating or drying.

3.0 Apparatus

3.1 Crucibles, platinum, porcelain or silica, 50 to 100 ml.

3.2 Electric muffle furnace, suitable for maintaining a temperature of 525 ± 25° C.

3.3 Desiccater, containing indicating grade anhydrous alumina.

3.4 Calibrated scale with minimum capacity of 10 g and readability to 0.0001 g.

3.5 Dryer oven, maintained at 105°C, ± 3°C.

3.6 Buchner funnel, filter paper, vacuum flask and speed dryer.

3.7 Filter pad(s) with pulp that was generated in Method 714 - Determination of Pulp Consistency.

3.8 Indicating-grade anhydrous alumina.

3.9 Logsheet for Method 715.

4.0 Procedures

4.1 Obtain the filter pad(s) from Method 714 - Determination of Pulp Consistency. (If testing more than one grade, obtain one consistency pad for each grade being tested.)

4.2 Place pad(s) in dryer oven at 105° C until constant weight is obtained.

4.3 Clean two empty crucibles for each paper grade being tested.

4.4 Place crucibles in furnace and ignite at 525° C ± 25° C for 30 minutes. After ignition, place crucibles in desiccater containing indicating grade anhydrous alumina and cool for 15 minutes.

4.5 Turn the power off and leave the furnace door open while the crucibles cool. When cool, weigh each crucible to the nearest 0.0001 g. Record weights as B₁ and B₂.

4.6 Remove filter pad(s) with pulp from oven. Immediately weigh out two individual specimens of fiber from each pad, each weighing about 1.5 g. Weigh to 0.0001 g and record weights as C₁and C₂.

4.7 Transfer each fiber specimen to a crucible.

4.8 Monitor the furnace (with power off and door open) until the furnace cools down to approximately 300°C + 10°. When the furnace temperature reaches 300 + 10°, place the crucibles with fiber specimens into the furnace. If the crucibles are small and ash may blow out from the crucible during combustion, place a lid on the crucibles. Close the door and turn the power on and set temperature at 525°C. Avoid higher temperatures which might cause the sample material to ignite.

4.9 Keep the crucibles in the furnace at 525°C + 25° for 2 hours. Remove the crucibles, (and lids if used), from the furnace and inspect for complete combustion (indicated by absence of black particles). and place in the desiccater containing indicating-grade anhydrous alumina, to cool for 15 minutes.

4.10 Remove the crucibles from the desiccaterr and immediately weigh to 0.0001 g. Record weights as A₁and A₂.

5.0 Calculations

5.1 Calculate the ash content in weight percent of each test specimen as follows:

% Ash_i = [ ( A_i - B_i ) / C_i ] x 100

Where: A_i = Weight of crucible with ash.

B_i = Weight of dried crucible.

C_i = Weight of oven-dry test specimen.

i = 1 or 2 as assigned to each of two samples for each grade.

6.0 Report

6.1 Report the average ash content of two tests for each grade to the nearest 0.01% if the ash content is below 10 %. Report to the nearest 0.1% if the ash content is 10 % or greater.

Average ash content = ( % Ash ₁ + % Ash₂) / 2

7.0 Reference Documents

7.1 Method 714 Determination of Pulp Consistency.

7.2 TAPPI T 211 om-93 Ash in Wood, Pulp, Paper and Paperboard: Combustion at 525° C.

Note: This method has been adapted, in part, from TAPPI T 211 om-93, copyright TAPPI. As such, the method has neither been approved nor endorsed by TAPPI.

Method 716 Determination of Stickies and Debris for Recovered Paper

1.0 Scope

1.1 This testing procedure describes the measurement of stickies and debris content present in 40.0 g of oven-dried fiber. It is applicable to all types and grades of wood pulp paper and paper products.

1.2 This procedure does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The user is responsible for following appropriate safety and health practices.

1.3 This procedure is intended to be used for the resolution of disputes regarding the quality of recyclable materials that may arise during trading.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Constant Weight - the weight at which less than 0.1 gram additional weight loss would occur with additional heating or drying.

2.2 Debris - a broad category of undesirable, fibrous or nonfiberous material, which must be removed in the recycling process. Examples include but are not limited to: bark, plastic film, synthetic fibers, shives, and splinters.

2.3 Shive - intact fiber bundle or fibrous mass of contrasting color to the pulp fibers.

2.4 Stickies (or Tackies) - sticking conditions in secondary fiber or paper making systems created by such incompatible materials as ink residuals, tars, latexes, and hot melt materials. Stickies will agglomerate on rolls of a machine and result in sheet break and potential down time.

3.0 Apparatus

3.1 Valley flat screen (or equivalent), motorized, with 0.006” screen box..

3.2 Shim or feeler gauge used to clean screen openings.

3.3 Dissecting needle.

3.4 Aluminum weighing tins.

3.5 Microscope or magnifying glass - (optional).

3.6 Calibrated balance with minimum capacity to 50 g and readability to 0.001 g.

3.7 Timer.

3.8 Oven - minimum temperature of 105° C ± 3° C.

3.9 Tap water.

3.10 Logsheet for Method 716.

4.0 Procedures

4.1 Determine the weight of pulp slurry (PS)required for one test sample as directed in Step 5.1 below. Obtain two individual samples of pulp slurry following Method 713 - Repulp Test Sample of Recovered Paper.

4.2 Determine the quantity (in grams) of pulp slurry equivalent to 40.0 g of oven-dried fiber, in Step 5.1 below.

4.3 Dilute sample to a consistency of 1%.

4.4 Add tap water to the Valley flat screen and clean the screen slots with the shim.

4.5 Turn on the shower and adjust so that the screen box is about a quarter full. Start the screen motor.

4.4 Pour the sample into the 0.006" screen box and start the timer. Adjust the water shower to provide a mean overflow rate of about 8.5 liters per minute. (The screen box should remain about one-quarter to one-half full during operation.)

4.5 At the end of 20 minutes, stop the water flow. When the overflow stops shut off the screen motor.

4.6 Wash the stickies, shives, and debris into the corner of the flat screen with a low-pressure stream of water.

4.7 Weigh the tin container to 0.001 g and record weight as T.

4.8 Gather the stickies, shives, and debris and place on the pre-weighed tin.

4.9 Using the dissecting needle to inspect, count the total number of stickies present. Do not remove any stickies or other debris from the specimen. Use a microscope or magnifying glass to differentiate between dirt and stickies when uncertain. Record the number of stickies found as N1 for first specimen and N2 for second specimen.

4.10 Place the tin and specimen in the oven heated to 105°C + 30°C until constant weight is reached.

4.11 Remove the tin and immediately weigh to the nearest 0.001 g. Record weight as W.

4.12 Repeat steps 4.1 - 4.11 on a second specimen. Conduct this test for two samples for each grade.

5.0 Calculations

5.1 For each specimen, calculate the weight of pulp slurry (PS):

PS = ( G / C ) x 100

Where: G = 40.0 grams (weight of oven dry fiber)

%OCD = % oven-dried consistency (from Method 714 - Determination of Pulp Consistency).

5.2 Calculate the weight percent of the screened stickies, shives, and debris (% TD1 for first sample, %TD2 for second sample).

% TD = [ ( W - T ) / 40 ] x 100

Where: W = Oven-dry weight of tin with stickies and debris

T = Weight of tin

5.3 Average number of stickies per 40 grams (N_avg) for both specimens:

N_avg = ( N1 + N2 ) / 2

5.4 Average weight percent of total debris s (%TD_avg) for both specimens:

%TD_avg = (%TD1 + %TD2) / 2.

6.0 Report

6.1 Average number of stickies per 40 g of fiber.

6.2 Average weight percent of total debris.

7.0 Reference Documents

7.1 Method 713 Repulp Test Sample of Recovered Paper.

7.2 Method 714 Determination of Pulp Consistency.

7.3 TAPPI UM 240 Shive Content of Mechanical Pulp.

Note: This method has been adapted, in part, from TAPPI UM 240, copyright TAPPI. As such, the method has neither been approved nor endorsed by TAPPI.

Method 717 Classification of Fiber Length for Recovered Paper

1.0 Scope

1.1 This method describes how to determine the weighted, average fiber length of pulp. It is applicable to all types and grades of wood pulp paper and paper products.

1.2 This procedure does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The user is responsible for establishing appropriate safety and health practices.

1.3 This procedure is intended for the resolution of disputes regarding the quality of recyclable materials that may arise during trading.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Fiber Classifier - laboratory device that uses multiple screens of varying sizes, and a tank and flow system, to collect and measure the amounts of fibers of different lengths.

2.2 Fiber Length - length of the thick-walled, cellular strands that are the primary structural component of woody plants. The length of pulp fiber indicates the suitability of pulp for different applications in paper-making.

3.0 Apparatus

3.1 Fiber classifier (Bauer-McNett^TM or equivalent) using distilled water.

3.2 Various Tyler screens - 10 mesh, 14 mesh, 28 mesh, 48 mesh, 100 mesh and 150 mesh.

3.3 Beakers and two graduated cylinders.

3.4 Calibrated scale with minimum capacity of 50 g and readability to 0.01 g.

3.5 Buchner funnel (15 cm diameter) and vacuum flask.

3.6 Filter paper.

3.7 Timer.

3.8 Blotter paper.

3.9 Filter cloth (e.g. cheese cloth).

3.9 Speed dryer - 150°C ± 50°C.

3.10 Tap water.

3.11 Logsheet for Method 717.

4.0 Procedures

4.1 Obtain four pieces of filter cloth (e.g. cheese cloth), in large enough pieces to be folded over twice (four layers total), and still cover the entire classifier drainage cup. Place filter cloths and a filter for the funnel in an oven at 105^oC to dry.

4.2 Calculate the weight of pulp slurry (PS) equivalent to 20.0 g of oven-dry fiber using the calculation in Section 5.1. This calculation is based on the oven-dried consistency (%ODC) of the repulped sample as determined per Method 714 - Determination of Pulp Consistency.

4.3 Vigorously stir the repulped slurry generated in Method 713 - Repulp Test Sample of Recovered Paper, and collect the required weight of pulp slurry (PS).

4.4 Vigorously stir the sample. When all particles are suspended as a result of the stirring, immediately separate the sample into two equal amounts, each equivalent to 10.0 g of oven-dried fiber. Do not allow the stirred sample to settle before dividing the sample.

4.5 Place one of the divided samples in a 4000 ml graduated cylinder. Add distilled water to produce a slurry volume of approximately 3333 ml.

4.6 Remove the filter paper from the oven and weigh to 0.01 g. Record weight as F.

4.7 De-water the second sample using the Buchner funnel method as follows:

4.7.1 Place the dry, tared filter paper in the Buchner funnel and moisten with distilled water. Apply suction to the flask and filter ensuring the filter is properly sealed to the funnel. Turn off the suction.

4.7.2 Carefully pour in the contents of the cylinder. When about halfway through pouring, apply suction to the funnel. Rinse all the fiber into the funnel with a squirt bottle of distilled water. Continue to filter through the same pad until the filtrate is no longer cloudy.

4.7.3 Wash down the sides of the funnel to ensure no material remains on the wall of the funnel.

4.8 Dry the filter paper and sample in a speed dryer at 150°C ± 50°C until constant weight is reached. Remove from dryer and immediately weigh to 0.01 g. Record the net weight of the specimen (subtracting the weight of the filter paper) as W.

4.9 Brush and wash the screens to remove all fibers. Insert and secure the proper size screen in each of the four tanks of the fiber classifier per Table 717-1.

Table 717-1: Tyler Screen Sizes to Install in Fiber Classifier Based on Fiber Grade

Paper Grade	Tyler Screen Size
	Tank 1	Tank 2	Tank 3	Tank 4
Corrugated Cardboard	10	14	28	48
Newspaper	28	48	100	150
All Remaining Grades	14	28	48	100

4.10 Turn on the water and establish a steady flow level which causes the constant level tank to just barely overflow. When all four tanks are full of water, start the motor. Turn off the flow of water and uniformly pour the 3330 ml sample into the first tank over a period of about 18 seconds. Immediately turn the water flow on again.

4.11 When flow conditions are steady, start the timer for 20 minutes. Rinse all the fibers from the container into the first compartment with as little water as possible.

4.12 While the classification proceeds, remove the filter cloths from the oven and immediately weigh. Record the weights as WC₁, WC₂, WC₃ and WC₄ respectively, with the number corresponding to each tank.

4.13 After 20 minutes, shut off the water. When the overflow from the last tank has nearly ceased, stop the motor. Cover the drain cup with a weighed and number-identified filter cloth (WC₁, WC₂, etc.). Remove drain plug to allow the contents to entirely drain. After the tank has drained, carefully wash down the screen and tank with tap water collecting all the material on the filter cloth. Repeat until all four tanks are drained and all fibers are collected on the respective filter cloths.

4.14 Carefully fold and ring out filter cloths avoiding any fiber loss.

4.15 Dry the filter cloths and fibers overnight in an oven at 105°C.

4.16 Weigh dried cloths and fibers to 0.01 g and record the moisture-free weights as W₁, W₂, W₃, and W₄, with numbers corresponding to previous number assignments by tank.

5.0 Calculations

5.1 Calculate the weight of pulp slurry (PS) required for test:

PS = ( 20 grams / %ODC ) x 100

Where: 20 grams is the equivalent oven-dry weight of fiber required

%ODC = % oven-dried consistency

5.2 Calculate the Weighted Average Fiber Length (WAFL), measured in mm, as follows:

WAFL = ( W₁I₁ + W₂I₂ + W₃I₃ + W₄I₄ + W₅I₅) / W

Where: W = Actual weight of oven-dried fiber as determined in step 3.8, which is assumed to have the same weight as the specimen added to the classifier.

W_1-4 = Moisture-free weights of the fiber on the four filter cloths.

W₅ = Moisture free weight of the pulp lost through the finest screen.

= [ W - (W₁+ W₂+ W₃+ W₄) ]

I_1-4 = Tyler screen opening in mm (per Table 717-2)

I₅ = assumed value of 0.200 mm if the last screen is 48 mesh, or

assumed value of 0.100 mm if the last screen is 100 mesh.

assumed value of 0.075 mm if the last screen is 150 mesh.

Table 717-2 - Tyler Screen Openings (mm)

Tyler Series Screen Designation	10	14	28	48	100	150
Screen Opening (mm)	1.68	1.41	0.595	0.297	0.149	0.105

6.0 Report

6.1 Report the weighted average fiber length of the sample to the nearest 0.05 mm.

7.0 Reference Documents

7.1 Method 713 Repulp Test Sample of Recovered Paper.

7.2 TAPPI T 233 cm-82 Fiber Length of Pulp by Classification.

Note: This method has been adapted, in part, from TAPPI T 233 cm-82, copyright TAPPI. As such, the method has neither been approved nor endorsed by TAPPI.

Method 718 Handsheet Formation and Determination of Dye Content

1.0 Scope

1.1 This procedure describes the formation of handsheets which will be used to measure dye content and identify the presence of groundwood. It is applicable to all types and grades of wood pulp paper and paper products.

1.2 This procedure does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The user is responsible for establishing appropriate safety and health practices.

1.3 This procedure is intended for the resolution of disputes regarding the quality of recyclable materials that may arise during trading.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Handsheet - sheet made from a suspension of fiber and water on a laboratory sheet mold, followed by pressing and drying. Handsheets are typically formed and used in various standard tests to evaluate pulp quality.

3.0 Apparatus

3.1 Standard British Disintegrator.

3.2 Standard sheet machine (159 mm diameter) using distilled water.

3.3 Perforated stirring apparatus.

3.4 Standard couch roll.

3.5 Standard couch plate.

3.6 Standard press with pressure gauge.

3.7 Press template for centering the sheets and plates in the press.

3.8 Drying discs (160 mm), mirror polished.

3.9 Drying rings, rubber-seated.

3.10 Standard blotting paper, 200 mm square.

3.11 Bucket.

3.12 Various beakers and a 1000 ml graduated cylinder.

3.13 Tap water.

3.14 Logsheet for Method 718.

4.0 Procedure

4.1 Calculate the weight of pulp slurry (PS) equivalent to 20.0 g of oven-dry (OD) fiber using the calculation in Section 5.1. This calculation is based on the repulped test sample generated in Method 713 - Repulp Test Sample of Recovered Paper and the oven-dried consistency (%ODC) of that sample as concluded per Method 714 - Determination of Pulp Consistency. This sample size will produce enough slurry to make five handsheets.

4.2 Vigorously stir the slurry generated in Method 713 - Repulp Test Sample of Recovered Paper, and collect the weight of pulp slurry (PS) calculated in 4.1 above.

4.3 Place the sample in a bucket and add the amount of tap water (TW) (in grams) to reach a consistency of 0.30%, calculated by the equation in Section 5.2.

4.4 Clean the sheet machine screen. Close the machine and fill half full with distilled water.

4.5 Vigorously stir the pulp slurry and immediately measure and add 400 ml of the slurry into the sheet machine. Add water until the inscribed line is reached.

4.6 Insert the perforated stirrer. Move it rapidly down and up five times for about 6 seconds total, keeping the perforated disc below the level of the liquid. During the final up stroke of the stirrer give it a quick rotation to dislodge any adhered fibers. After a pause of 5 seconds, to allow the surface to become almost motionless, fully open the drain cock of the machine and drain all the water.

4.7 Open the sheet machine and place two sheets of blotter paper (smooth side down) on the exposed sheet. Lay the couch plate centrally on the blotter paper and place the couch roll gently on the plate. Rotate the roll back and fourth four times, from edge to edge.

4.8 Remove the blotters and sheet and discard the blotter not adhered to the sheet. Remove the press cover. Place two new blotters centrally on the press (smooth side up) and lay the blotter-sheet combination on top, sheet facing up. Place a drying disc, polished side down, on to the sheet. Use the press template to center the drying disc and sheet, then place one additional new blotter (smooth side up) on top of the drying disc.

4.9 Repeat steps 4.6 through 4.8 until five sheets (blotter and drying disk combination) are stacked on the press. Place two new blotters at the top of the stack. (The bottom and top of the stack need two blotters each to help protect the pressing surfaces.)

4.10 Secure the press cover and begin the first pressing, raising the pressure to 50 pounds per square inch (psi) in 30 seconds. Hold this press for 5 minutes.

4.11 After the first pressing, remove the press cover and the stack. Carefully remove the drying disc from the adjacent blotter and discard all of the blotters. The sheets should now be adhered to the discs.

4.12 Place two new blotters down (smooth side facing up) on the press and lay the disc and sheet combination (with sheet facing down) centrally on it. Use the press template to center the drying disc and sheet combination. Repeat the sequence (blotter with smooth side facing up), then disc and sheet combination (sheet facing down) until five are stacked. Place two new blotters between the stack and the press cover.

4.13 Secure the press cover and begin the second pressing, raising the pressure to 50 psi in 30 seconds. Hold this press for 2 minutes.

4.14 Remove the press cover and stack.

4.15 While placing sheets in drying rings (instructions follow in step 4.15), check for dye content. If sheets are any shade of white, gray, or brown, report the dye content as NO.

If the sheets are any other color, report the dye content as YES and identify the color.

4.16 Discard the blotter sheets. Place the drying disc and sheet combinations facing sheet down in the drying rings, one at a time, stacking the rings on top of one another.

4.17 Place a heavy weight on top of the stack of rings and let dry at room temperature for 10 to 12 hours.

4.18 Retain the handsheets for further testing.

5.0 Calculations

5.1 Calculate the weight of pulp slurry (PS) required for test:

PS = ( 20 grams OD fiber weight/ %ODC ) x 100

Where %ODC = % oven-dried consistency (from Method 714- Determination of Pulp Consistency).

5.2 Calculate the weight of tap water (TW) to obtain 0.30% consistency:

TW = [ 20 grams OD fiber weight - (0.003 x PS ) ] / 0.003

6.0 Report

6.1 Dye content: YES or NO. If YES, indicate color(s).

7.0 Reference Documents

7.1 Method 714 Determination of Pulp Consistency.

7.2 Method 713 Repulp Test Sample of Recovered Paper.

7.3 TAPPI T205 om-88 Forming Handsheets for Physical Tests of Pulp.

Note: This method has been adapted, in part, from TAPPI T 205 om-88, copyright TAPPI. As such, the method has neither been approved nor endorsed by TAPPI.

Method 719 Spot Staining of Handsheets for Groundwood Identification

1.0 Scope

1.1 This method identifies the presence of groundwood, thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fibers, and chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) fibers present in paper or paperboard, using phloroglucinol as a stain.

1.2 It is applicable to all types and grades of wood pulp paper and paper products, except some highly colored papers, where the dyes used may be sensitive to the acid in the solution .

1.3 This procedure does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. The user is responsible for following appropriate safety and health practices. Consult and review the Material Safety Data Sheet for phloroglucinol prior to conducting this test.

1.4 This procedure is intended for the resolution of disputes regarding the quality of recyclable materials that may arise during trading.

2.0 Definitions

2.1 Chemi-thermomechanical Pulp (CTMP) - pulp made by a thermomechanical process which pretreats woodchips with a chemical, either prior to or during presteaming, to aid in subsequent mechanical processing.

2.2 Groundwood Paper - paper made from a furnish containing a large percentage of groundwood pulp.

2.3 Groundwood Pulp - pulp slurry produced by mechanical action, as opposed to heavy chemical cooking. Groundwood pulp contains lignin and is used extensively in newsprint and publication papers.

2.4 Lignin - brown, organic substance that acts as an interfiber bond in woody materials. Lignin is undesirable in fine paper manufacture.

2.5 Thermomechanical Pulp (TMP) - mechanical breakdown of pulp fibers facilitated by steam, heat and minimal chemical charging.

3.0 Apparatus

3.1 Various beakers and graduated cylinders.

3.2 Air tight container.

3.3 Phloroglucinol crystals.

3.4 Methyl alcohol, 100% concentration.

3.5 Hydrochloric acid (HCl), 30 - 35% concentration.

3.6 Eye dropper or small pipette.

3.7 Distilled water.

3.8 Logsheet for Method 719.

4.0 Procedures

4.1 Dissolve 1 g of phloroglucinol crystals in a mixture of 50 ml of methyl alcohol, 50 ml of HCl (30 to 35% concentration) and 50 ml of distilled water. This solution is clear, but yellows slowly with age. If a stronger stain is desired, decrease or omit the distilled water.

Note: The shelf life of the solution is prolonged if protected from light. Store in an air-tight container.

4.2 Obtain two of the handsheets generated in Method 718 - Formation of Handsheets and Determination of Dye Content.

4.3 Place a few drops of stain solution on the surface of a dry handsheet. The stain will produce a bright red or magenta color if groundwood, TMP, or CTMP fibers are present.

4.4 Repeat with a second handsheet to confirm findings. Repeat with additional handsheets if results from the first two handsheets conflict.

4.5 Determine results from visual analysis of the stain.

4.5.1 Typically, higher intensity stain coloration correlates with increasing groundwood, TMP, or CTMP fiber content. Jute papers often show a deep coloration with this stain.

A slightly colored stain typically indicates low groundwood, TMP or CTMP content, and/or the presence of partly cooked jute, partly cooked unbleached chemical pulp, and some other ligneous fibers.

4.5.2 For recovered paper that will be used in manufacturing high-grade white ledger (or similar grade paper), the presence of groundwood should be confirmed microscopically as discussed in TAPPI T401 om-93 - Fiber Analysis of Paper and Paperboard.

4.5.3 For colored papers, the color change may actually be caused by the action of the acid on dyestuff. If unsure, dilute the acid stain solution and reapply the stain to another area of the handsheet.

4.5.4 Qualitative results can be obtained from the visual inspection of staining as described above. However, if a more quantitative measurement is needed, standards, containing known but varying concentrations of lignin may be stained and used for comparisons.

5.0 Calculations

Not applicable.

6.0 Report

6.1 Report the presence of groundwood, TMP and/or CTMP as YES or NO.

6.2 If groundwood, TMP and/or CTMP are present, describe the intensity of the stain color (light, medium, bright and/or deep). Report results of quantitative comparison per step 4.5.4 if applicable.

7.0 Reference Documents

7.1 Method 718 Formation of Handsheets and Determination of Dye Content.

7.2 TAPPI T401 om-93 Fiber Analysis of Paper and Paperboard.

Note: This method has been adapted, in part, from TAPPI T 401 om-93, copyright TAPPI. As such, the method has neither been approved nor endorsed by TAPPI.

Logsheet for Method 701 - Obtain Field Sample

Field Sample ID #:	Lot ID #:
Current Date:	Date and Time Material Received:
Performed By:	Source:
Grade:

Results and Notes from Conducting Test Method:

Number of bales in lot (N):

Number of bales in field sample (n):

Describe lot:

Record Sample Data:

Bale Sample ID Number:	Extracted Material Homogeneity	Other Comments	Approximate Volume (%) Extracted

Logsheet for Method 702 - Reduce Field Sample to Test Sample

Sample ID #:		Notes from Conducting Test Method:
Current Date:		A_i = Weight of component i.
Performed By:		B = Total weight of field sample less the non-fibrous and miscellaneous organics component weights.
Lot ID #:		C_i = Percent weight of component i
Date / Time Lot Received:		i = Sort identification number
Grade:		S = 600 g (total weight of test sample size)
Source:

Sort ID Number (i)	Sorted Component (Description)	Component Weight ( A_i )	Weight Percent of Each Component ( %C_i)	Quantity of Each Component (Q_i) to Form 600 g Test Sample	Actual Weight of Each Component (W_i )
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Total weight of field sample ( SA_i):
Weight of non-fibrous material and miscellaneous organics (X):
Calculated net weight (B): [B = A - X ]
Sum Weight of Actual Components Combined to Form ~600 g Test Sample (SW_i):

Logsheet for Method 711 - Moisture Content

Sample ID #:
Current Date:
Performed By:
Lot ID #:
Date / Time Lot Received:
Grade:
Source:

Weight of drying pan:
Weight of drying pan and air-dried sample:
Net weight of air-dried sample (W_AD):
Oven temperature reading:
Residence time in oven:
Net weight of oven-dried sample (W_OD):

Additional Comments:

Logsheet for Method 712 - Identify Ink Type for Newsprint Only

Sample ID #:
Current Date:
Performed By:
Lot ID #:
Date / Time Lot Received:
Grade:
Source:

Printing Process

Identifying Characteristics of Images and Print

Offset Lithography

Crisp, soft appearance.

Large black areas are very dark and appear to have even ink coverage.

Free from splotches.

Flexography.

Rough edges.

Large black areas are splotchy.

Sample ID Number (a unique ID number assigned to each of the 8 to 10 samples extracted from the reduced sample):	Flexographic ink present? Circle Yes or No	Additional Comments
	Yes No
	Yes No
	Yes No
	Yes No
	Yes No
	Yes No
	Yes No
	Yes No
	Yes No
	Yes No

Logsheet for Method 713 - Repulp Recovered Paper Lab Samples

Sample ID #:
Current Date:
Performed By:
Lot ID #:
Date / Time Lot Received:
Grade:
Source:

Actual weight of 600 g test sample before repulping:
Soak time:
Slusher make and model:
Final volume of slurry in the slusher:
Slusher run time:

Logsheet for Method 714 - Determine Pulp Consistency

Sample ID #:
Current Date:
Performed By:
Lot ID #:
Date / Time Lot Received:
Grade:
Source:

Net weight of 500 g of pulp slurry (G):
Weight of filter paper (F):
Net weight of oven-dried pulp:
Consistency (%OCD = [ (W - F) / G ] x 100% ):

Logsheet for Method 715 - Ash Content

Sample ID #:
Current Date:
Performed By:
Lot ID #:
Date / Time Lot Received:
Grade:
Source:

	Sample 1	Sample 2
Weight of dried, empty crucibles:	B₁:	B₂:
Weight of dried filter pads and fiber:	C₁:	C₂:
Residence time in furnace:
Furnace temperature reading:
Weight of fired crucibles and fiber:	A₁:	A₂:
Ash content in weight percent (%Ash_i = [ ( A_i - B_i ) / C_i ] x 100):	%Ash₁:	%Ash₂:

Additional Comments:

Logsheet for Method 716 - Stickies and Debris Content

Sample ID #:
Current Date:
Performed By:
Lot ID #:
Date / Time Lot Received:
Grade:
Source:

	Sample 1	Sample 2
Calculated weight of pulp slurry (PS):
Weight of empty tin or tray (T):
Number of stickies in 40 grams (N):
Oven temperature reading:
Dry weight of stickies and debris on tin (W):
Weight percent of screened stickies and debris (% TD = [(W - T) / 40] x 100 ):

Average number of stickies (N_avg): N_avg = ( N1 + N2 ) / 2)
Average weight percent debris (%TDavg): %TDavg= ( %TD1 + %TD2 ) / 2)

Additional Comments:

Logsheet for Method 717 - Classify Fiber Length

Sample ID #:
Current Date:
Performed By:
Lot ID #:
Grade:
Source:
Pulp Slurry Weight (PS = [20 g / %ODC] x 100):
Weight of filter paper (F):
Net weight of oven-dried sample (W):

	Tank 1	Tank 2	Tank 3	Tank 4
Tyler screen size in each tank:
Weight of dried filter cloths (WC_X)	(WC₁):	(WC₂):	(WC₃):	(WC₄):
Weight of dried filter cloth and fibers (W_X):	(W₁):	(W₂):	(W₃):	(W₄):
Weighted Average Fiber Length (WAFL)

Additional Comments:

Logsheet for Method 718 - Handsheet Formation and Determination of Dye Content

and Logsheet for Method 719 - Spot Staining of Handsheets for Groundwood Identification

Sample ID #:
Current Date:
Performed By:
Lot ID #:
Grade:
Source:

METHOD 718 Pulp slurry weight (PS = [20 g / %ODC] x 100):
Weight of tap water added (TW) to achieve 0.30% consistency:

Number of handsheets formed (Circle total number):	1	2	3	4	5	6
Dye present? Yes or No.
If dye is present, describe color(s).

METHOD 719	Sample 1	Sample 2
If groundwood, TMP, or CTMP fibers are present, describe the intensity of the stain coloration:
If handsheets were evaluated by microscope, report findings:
If evaluated quantitatively, report findings: